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Biography
French sculptor and illustrator, Richier began her career in sculpture in 1922, working with Louis-Jacques Guigues, director of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Montpellier for three years. In 1925, she moved to Paris where she worked with Emile-Antoine Bourdelle and, in 1934, she had her first one-woman show at the Max Kaganovitch Gallery. In the same year, she took part in the exhibition La Passion du Christ dans l'art français at the Trocadero and, two years later, received the Blumenthal prize. In 1937, she received an honorary diploma at the Paris Universal Exhibition. Her work remained essentially figurative until the Second World War and, as from the 40s, her work was influenced by Giacometti. In 1948 she exhibited, at the Maeght Gallery in Paris, large sculptures in bronze revealing a universe of disturbing and metamorphosed creatures. Between 1948 and 1954, she regularly took part in the Venice Biennal. In 1950, she was one of the leading women artists in the School of Paris and, in 1951, worked with Vieira da Silva and Hartung. In 1955, she took part in an exhibition organised by the Museum of Modern Art in New York and, in 1956, had a major retrospective in Paris. In 1959 and 1964, she took part in Documenta 2 and 3 in Kassel. Her figures are creatures somewhere between human and animal with references to the apocalyptic symbolism of Surrealist fantasy. Despite her premature death, her influence was considerable on the generation of post war British sculptors, such as Reg Butler, Armitage, Chadwick, César and Saint-Phalle.
Exhibitions
Les Pionniers de la Sculpture Contemporaine Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam), The Netherlands 01-01-1948 ~ 30-12-1948
Sculpteurs Contemporains de l'Ecole de Paris Kunsthalle (Bern), Switzerland 01-01-1948 ~ 30-12-1948
Arp, Germaine Richier, Laurens Galerie d'Art Moderne, Basel, Germany 01-01-1948 ~ 30-12-1948
La Biennale di Venezia La Biennale di Venezia, Italy 01-01-1950 ~ 31-12-1950
The Sculpture of Germaine Richier Allan Frumkin Gallery, USA 01-01-1950 ~ 31-12-1950
Bienal de São Paulo Bienal de São Paulo, Brazil 01-01-1950 ~ 31-12-1950
Germaine Richier, Cesar, Louis Lutz, Skulpturen Gimpel Fils, Ltd, United Kingdom 01-02-1970 ~ 30-04-1970
Biennale Middelheim, Antwerp Biennale Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium 01-06-1953 ~ 30-09-1953
Germaine Richier (Galerie Maeght Lelong, Paris) Galerie Maeght Lelong, France 01-10-1948 ~ 30-11-1948
Germaine Richier (Paris) Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, France 01-10-1956 ~ 30-11-1956
Germaine Richier (Minneapolis) Walker Art Center, USA 01-09-1958 ~ 30-11-1958
Germaine Richier (Zurich) Kunsthaus (Zürich), Switzerland 01-06-1963 ~ 31-07-1963
O Surrealismo na Colecção Berardo - Estranho Desenho, Sintra Sintra Museu de Arte Moderna - Colecção Berardo (SMAM-CB), Portugal 04-07-2001 ~ 30-06-2001
Erich Kahn - Forgotten Generation Jewish Survivor German Expressionist Sintra Museu de Arte Moderna - Colecção Berardo (SMAM-CB), Portugal 05-05-2005 ~ 09-10-2005
Sculpture of Germaine Richier, Roger Lacourière Anglo French Centre, United Kingdom 01-09-1949 ~ 30-09-1947
The Sculpture of Germaine Richier Martha Jackson Gallery, USA 01-11-1957 ~ 31-12-1957
Sculpture by Germaine Richier (Boston) University of Fine and Applied Arts (Boston), USA 01-01-1959 ~ 28-02-1959
The Berardo Collection Sintra Museu de Arte Moderna - Colecção Berardo (SMAM-CB), Portugal 17-05-1997 ~ 31-08-1997
Colecção Berardo Collection 1917-1999 Centro Cultural de Belém (CCB), Portugal 27-01-2000 ~ 27-08-2000
O Surrealismo na Colecção Berardo - Estranho Desenho Palácio da Galeria, Câmara Municipal de Tavira, Portugal 12-07-2003 ~ 14-09-2003
Germaine Richier (Humlebaek) Louisiana Museum of Modern Art (Humlebaek), Denmark 01-08-1988 ~ 01-09-1988
Germaine Richier (Arles) Musée Réattu, France 01-07-1964 ~ 01-09-1964
L'Art en Europe, les Années décisives 1945-1953 Musée d'Art Moderne de St. Etienne, France 01-12-1987 ~ 28-02-1988
Germaine Richier (Berlin) Akademie der Künste (Berlin), Germany 07-09-1997 ~ 02-11-1997
Contemporâneos de Arpad Szenes e Vieira da Silva na Collecção Berardo Fundação Arpad Szenes - Vieira da Silva, Portugal 06-03-2002 ~ 16-06-2002
Nova Apresentação da Colecção Berardo Sintra Museu de Arte Moderna - Colecção Berardo (SMAM-CB), Portugal 08-11-1999 ~ 01-03-2000
Durante o Fim - Rui Chafes Sintra Museu de Arte Moderna - Colecção Berardo (SMAM-CB), Portugal 15-10-2000 ~ 14-01-2001
Fernando Lemos e o Surrealismo - Colecção Berardo Centro das Artes Casa das Mudas, Calheta, Madeira, Portugal 08-07-2006 ~ 31-01-2007
De Miró à Warhol. La Collection Berardo à Paris Musée du Luxembourg, France 16-10-2008 ~ 22-02-2009
Bibliography
2a Biennale di Scultura, Anvers, 1953
70 Portretten en Ontmoetingen, 1977
Christie's, Contemporary Art, 1994 Published by Christie's
Colecção Berardo Collection 1917-1999, 2000 Published by CCB - Centro Cultural de Belém ISBN 972817652X
Contemporâneos de Arpad Szenes e Vieira da Silva na Colecção Berardo, 2002 Published by Fundação Arpad Szenes - Vieira da Silva ISBN 9728467192
Fernando Lemos e o Surrealismo – Colecção Berardo, 2006 Published by Centro das Artes - Casa das Mudas ISBN 9728902034
Germaine Richier, 1948 Published by Galerie A. Maeght
Germaine Richier, 1988 Published by Louisiana Museum of Modern Art
Germaine Richier, 1997 Published by Akademie der Künste
Germaine Richier, 1956 Published by Musée Nationale d'Art Moderne
Germaine Richier, 1964 Published by Musée Réattu
Germaine Richier, 1963 Published by Kunsthalle
Ière Biennale, 1950 Published by O Museu de Arte Moderna
L'Art en Europe, les Années décisives 1945-1953, 1988 Published by Musée d'Art Moderne de Saint Etienne,
O Surrealismo na Colecção Berardo - Estranho Desenho, 2003 Published by Palácio da Galeria, Câmara Municipal de Tavira ISBN 9728705050
O Surrealismo na Colecção Berardo - Estranho Desenho, 2001 Published by Sintra Museu de Arte Moderna - Colecção Berardo ISBN 9729742847
Sculpteurs Contemporains de L'Ecole de Paris, 1948 Published by Kunsthalle
Sculpture by Germaine Richier, 1959 Published by University of Fine and Applied Arts
Sculpture of Germaine Richier, 1947 Published by Anglo French Center, London
Sculpture of Germaine Richier, 1958 Published by Walker Art Centre
The Berardo Collection – Sintra Museum of Modern Art, 1996 Published by Sintra Museu de Arte Moderna - Colecção Berardo ISBN 9729739105
The Sculpture of Germaine Richier, 1957 Published by Martha Jackson Gallery
The Sculpture of Germaine Richier, 1950 Published by The Allan Frumkin Gallery
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